2. Diversify Yes, an investor might be able to generate more wealth with a concentrated portfolio. But a concentrated portfolio removes the certainty of eventual wealth creation. We want our free lunch to be certain... While we know that, over long periods of time, the stock market is going to go up at a rate of 8% to 10% per year, a concentrated portfolio offers no such guarantee. Economist Hendrik Bessembinder performed a study of 90 years' worth of returns (spanning from 1926 to 2015) for all U.S. stocks and compared those returns with those of one-month U.S. Treasury bills. One-month U.S. T-bills represented the risk-free alternative to owning stock. Over that period, Bessembinder found that the total wealth created by the stock market was $35 trillion more than what could have been earned with one-month T-bills. Clearly, it paid massively to be invested in stocks rather than one-month T-bills. But here is the shocking part... Bessembinder also found that this $35 trillion of excess was generated by just 4% of all publicly traded companies. Think about that for a second... Just 4% of stocks generated all of the excess returns of the stock market relative to one-month T-bills. That means, as a group, the other 96% of publicly traded stocks matched or performed worse than the return of one-month T-bills. And Bessembinder's study revealed that 60% - the majority - of stocks actually performed worse than one-month T-bills. Investors who didn't have that tiny sliver of stocks - the 4% of exceptionally performing companies - in their portfolio would have missed all of the stock market's excess returns. Chances are that many concentrated portfolios would not have included those big winners. Those investors would have missed the stock market's free lunch. As Vanguard's John Bogle once said, "Don't look for the needle in the haystack. Just buy the haystack!" If you aren't diversifying your portfolio, you are making a terrible mistake. (Note: Beware though... being too diversified can be just as damaging as not being diversified enough. So don't get carried away.) This stock market game isn't terribly complicated. You just need to stop trying so hard. Patience and diversification are really the only two things you need... Then that free lunch is yours. Good investing, Jody |
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